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Internet Time Managment Theory

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You wake up on a sunny Monday morning, the birds are singing there`s not a cloud in the sky its 7:30am.

“I`ll work hard today” you say to your self, do the things you put off from Friday (you don’t work weekends that’s family time). So you wake the kids up and make breakfast. You sit and read the paper and sip your coffee as the kids eat their cereal, you all get dressed then its off to school the time is now 8:45am.

When your back you decide to clean up, to save your wife or husband doing it. One more coffee and a quick look at the TV to see whats happening in the world, then I`ll start you think it’s now 9:42am.

So at last you lock your self away in your little spare room you call your office, or under the stairs at your computer desk. “Right let’s get cracking” you say as you clap your hands together eager to get your fingers typing. On opening your E-mail you notice a name you don’t recognise, so you open it and take a look.

GREATEST MONEY MAKING SCHEME, MAKE $100,000 A WEEK.!

Your eyes stare at the $$$$$$ signs, “just a quick read” you think, “then I`ll really crack on”. So you read the splash page and sign up for more info, this takes you to a one time offer so you read that to. And when you have realised that it was just a scam, you go back to your inbox to start again. This time you ignore all those SPECIAL OFFERS and concentrate on the serious work of reading and answering E-mails. The time is now 11:10am

Around now your husband or wife will ask if you would like a tea or coffee, so you will answer yes and spend the next 15 Min’s chatting about the day ahead your house or your kids. You get back to work trying to catch up on the work you are even more now behind with, what next Social Networking. This can be a real-time management killer in any business, what with friend requests, video`s, groups to join or answer, businesses and pages to promote. Then there are the endless games, quiz’s and other stuff that your friends send you, after reading, checking and promoting the time is now 12:27

You decide to take an early lunch as you’re not really getting very far, but it’s not for the want of trying. A quick sandwich and a cold drink, another chat to your partner and its back to the office at 1:00pm.

The afternoon goes a lot better than expected, you do lots of promotion marketing and generate some quality leads. Your up line calls and you have a quick chat about your business, then you read some training material about Social Media and Networking. You decide to make a new video so you plan the thought process behind it. Your kids are due to be picked up as its now 2:55pm.

Back at home you spend time to ask about your children`s day at school, you help with any home work and help your wife plan dinner for that evening. With so much still to do you again retire back to your office, the planning of the video still has to be finished along with a script. You then decide to promote and generate more leads as this is the foundation of any business, “my blog” you think I need to write a new one.

So the video setup is put on the back burner as you start to write a new blog, now as everyone knows writing even a 300 word blog can take hours if your brain suddenly dries up. It seems to take hours to finish even a one page blog, with the checking, linking and other bits and bobs that apply.

At 6:18pm your husband or wife will call you and your children for your dinner, a nice family meal around a large dining room table.

By 7:00pm dinner is over, the kids are watching TV and you’re helping to tidy and clean. You all sit down to watch your favourite soaps and chat about your day, by 8:30pm the kids are in bed or their rooms ready for school the next day. So you sit with your partner and watch more TV, or plan your marketing strategy for tomorrow. This in reality is a total waste of time, because as has happened today you can never catch up only fall behind.

Does this sound like you? I know it did me, always planning to get things done but never quite getting there. Never understanding where all the time went, and brain storming some fantastic ideas but never completing them due to lost time. Internet time management is a very simple yet highly effective way to market, once learned and set into action you will find;

* You will be more productive

* Plan and market your business better

* Marketing becomes easier

* Do the things you never had time to before

* More free time for your family

* Cut out the negative concentrate on the positive

* Spend less time thinking and more time doing

Why spend your marketing and business life-like a hamster in a caged wheel, just running in circles. Start using Internet Time Management practises and techniques now and watch the boost to your business.

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markjmcloughlin -
About the Author:

Mark J Mcloughlin gives straight up no nonsense advice about Online Lead Generation and Internet Time Managment Theory. His material is free to read at; http://www.markjmcloughlin.blogspot.com There are also 7 free traffic generation coaching video`s

Please visit http://www.klaslink.com/trafficgeneration for the latest in search engine submission software. This is a real breakthrough in traffic generation.

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Returning Home to Your Kids

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Article Tags:
timemanagment, onlineleadgeneration, globalprospects, trafficcapture, industryprospects, managmenttheory, mark j mcloughlin gives straight up no nonsense advice about online lead generation and internet time managment theory his

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Video Marketing

Social Marketing Answers — Sat, 26 Feb 2011 15:09:35 +0000

Video Marketing

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Video Marketing

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Viral marketing (and advertising) is a powerful technique that makes good use of social networks to increase brand awareness. Understanding the important role that video marketing plays in promoting your business online will make a huge difference in the success of your marketing efforts.

The theory of viral marketing is simple; if you have a compelling, true story, a friend will tell a friend, will tell a friend, will tell a friend and so on. Also referred to as word of mouth marketing, the livelihood of this extraordinary form of marketing thrives on people talking to each other about you, your service, and your product. Viral marketing can make or break your reputation on the Internet. With the influx of [good and bad] information on the Internet, whether solicited or not, your story has to capture the attention of your audience and be proven to be true and supportive of ethical Internet practices.

The behavioral characteristics of word of mouth marketing is well known; a satisfied customer will tell an average of three people about a product, service or experience; an unsatisfied customer will tell about a dozen.

Viral marketing and word of mouth marketing are the foundation for social networks; networks of people interacting with other people in social activities, for the innate purpose of sharing information, services and ideas.

Its human nature to talk; to capture this market share, you need to make sure people are talking about you and what they have to say is nothing but positive!

Viral Marketing Using Video

Social networks have made Internet marketing quite competitive, which has forced marketers into video production. Words can relay a message, but a professional, compelling video is worth a thousand words.

comScore, a leader in measuring the digital world, released data in May of 2008, indicating that U.S. Internet users viewed 11.5 billion online videos from February to March 2008; comScore further reported a 64% gain from the previous year.

In the same study, Google Sites once again ranked as the top U.S. video property with more than 4.3 billion videos viewed (38 percent share of all videos), gaining 2.6 share points versus the previous month. YouTube.com accounted for 98 percent of all videos viewed at Google Sites. Fox Interactive Media ranked second with 477 million videos (4.2 percent), followed by Yahoo! Sites with 328 million (2.9 percent) and Viacom Digital with 249 million (2.2 percent).

Video marketing has become quite adaptable to today s online marketing techniques; from traditional online video advertisements [commercials], to interactive Flash (SWF or FLA) messages, online learning (e-learning), to brandable software, and even messages to mobile devices, video composition done right can spark quite a bit of word of mouth enthusiasm and can create high social networking potential. With this much technology at our fingertips, why wouldn t you choose to promote your business with video?

Let s face it; online video marketing is undeniably the best way to get your message out to the millions with just click of your mouse. As bandwidth and Internet access get higher and faster, online video broadcasting will soon become the first and foremost form of communication.

Google s Algorithm Update

Generating more visual excitement about your product or service is great, but spreading your message via video stream on the Internet has other benefits as well. Google is constantly updating their algorithms to make search functionality more consistent with what Internet users are looking for. With the most recent changes in Google s algorithms, its now easier for the Googlebots to crawl videos, and online marketers can take full advantage of keyword search technologies for their videos as well.

In July of 2008 Google announced they improved their handling of Flash files in search results; they say they now have a better ability to index textual content in SWF files of all kinds, including buttons, gadgets and so on. Improved techniques also include simple JavaScript as well.

Google teamed up with Adobe to develop an algorithm that explores Flash files, in just the same way that a person would, by clicking buttons, entering input, and so on. Their algorithm remembers all of the text that it encounters along the way, and that content is then available to be indexed.

In addition to finding text, Google says they are also able to find URLs to feed them to their crawling pipeline. Apparently, all with a little help from Flash-maker, Adobe.

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(ArticlesBase SC #968802)

Tony Mandarich -
About the Author:

Tony Mandarich owns & operates Mandarich LLC, a full-service web media business specializing in web site development & optimization, video production, photography & Internet marketing. More information visit- mandarich.com

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Different Kinds Of Internet Marketing Jobs

Social Marketing Answers — Mon, 21 Feb 2011 15:01:05 +0000

Different Kinds Of Internet Marketing Jobs

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Home Page > Business > Different Kinds Of Internet Marketing Jobs

Different Kinds Of Internet Marketing Jobs

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Posted: Sep 15, 2010 |Comments: 0
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There are various kinds of Internet marketing jobs available. This type of marketing is also called Search engine marketing tactics, or SEM. The field is supposed to describe the promoting of services or products online. It is relatively inexpensive in comparison with other mediums, and it’s also an efficient way to generate revenue. Promoting goods and services via the Internet can also establish a firm’s reputation online.

Some of the online promotional opportunities available include an Internet Marketing Consultant, a Social Media Marketer, and an SEO Consultant. Each of these positions will be discussed in further detail below.

To begin, one online promotional job available is that of an Internet Marketing Consultant. This position entails building up a company using a firm’s website as a way to distribute information, services, products, firm updates, and much more. The consultant will develop the firm’s site from scratch and personalize Seo, or SEO, tools. Such a professional also introduces social media networks like social profiles and blogs to the firm’s promotional portfolio, and both are tactics that enhance a company’s reputation when they are done in the correct manner.

Next, the job of a Social Media Marketer is also available. This position entails looking into all of the social networks to create a solid online presence for a business. Such a marketer looks to formulate a company’s image into the public’s mind by utilizing the freshest Internet technology. Furthermore, it is of note it is not only young people who frequent the social media networks. The networks have also become quite popular among adults.

Finally, another online promotional position is known as an SEO Consultant. Such consultants attract potential customers to a firm’s website by utilizing SEO, or Seo. An SEO consultant uses or creates a software system to track words from search engine words that people type into such search engine browsers. SEO consultants need to be great with detail, all current on trends, and focused on the requirements of consumers.

There are various Internet marketing jobs available. A number of them include a web marketer, Social Media Marketer, and SEO Consultant. Internet marketing is a highly specialised form of marketing which involves understanding all the conventional marketing principles and theory along with understanding both from a theoretical and technical appoach, how the Internet works. This level of knowledge skill and understanding takes lots of work and intelligence to develop and is highly sought after.

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Louise G -
About the Author:

The author is an expert in the field of marketing and extensive knowledge to help those seeking marketing careers. Areas of expertise in fact include any qualified route to finding marketing jobs. To search and apply for thousands of marketing jobs go to http://marketingjobs1.co.uk

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Apple Mac Internet Market Share

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How Social Media is Redefining Benchmarking

Social Marketing Answers — Wed, 16 Feb 2011 14:41:28 +0000

How Social Media is Redefining Benchmarking

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How Social Media is Redefining Benchmarking

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Social media is forcing companies to re-examine their benchmarking goals, processes and
culture. Can benchmark partners be recruited online? What can be benchmarked online, and
with whom? How open can an organization afford to be?

The evolution of benchmarking

Benchmarking emerged as a business practice in the 1980′s and has been steadily adopted
by companies around the globe.

Over the years, companies have developed their benchmarking methods and business
analysts have published theoretical frameworks about benchmarking. Today, benchmarking
is commonly viewed as a systematic way of identifying the highest standards of excellence
for products, services, and processes by comparing these across companies.

Benchmarking used to be about hard data such as manufacturing output, profit per square
foot and number of employees per sales dollar generated. These were useful as
performance metrics for balance score cards.

The current school of thought is much more qualitative. Companies want to benchmark
themselves against best practices from within, and outside of, their industries. It is less
engineering oriented and now more people oriented.

Along the way, companies also realized that they should not only investigate how good the
best-in-class companies are, but also how they got there. Successful benchmarking requires
finding the root causes of superior performance. While it is useful to start with general
knowledge about what other companies are doing, the ultimate goal is to find out how they
manage to do it.

“Enabler” is a benchmarking term that refers to the underlying drivers that enable superior
performance, such as products, processes or resources. Identifying ‘enablers’ takes much
more time and analysis, but is an important part of benchmarking. Doing so can help
companies address the challenge of implementation at their own companies later on.

Social media allows for greater access to information on enablers than ever before.

The impact of social media

Social media has changed the way benchmarking is conducted.

A lot more information is available on professional and social networks nowadays, which one
would never have dreamt of just a few years ago. As a result, new additional sources of
information and channels for data collection have emerged.

Social media has also given companies communication tools that make it unnecessary to
travel and engage in fieldwork as more of that work can be done on-line. As a result,
benchmarking has become less expensive.

Benchmarking is becoming more process-oriented and social media supports this. It has
lowered the threshold for companies to benchmark each other and has changed the
benchmarking process from a one-time event into a continuous iterative process.

In addition, the benchmarking team can be expanded and adjusted at any time.

All sorts of companies are experimenting with different benchmarking approaches through
social media as a result.

Social media tools in benchmarking

There are many social media tools publicly available that can be used for facilitating the
teamwork of a benchmarking process:

• LinkedIn (www.linkedin.com) is a widely used networking service that also provides
tools for group work and collaboration.
• Twitter (www.twitter.com) is a short-messaging service that also enables
benchmarking team members to create user accounts, connect and communicate
easily with each other.
• Facebook (www.facebook.com), while being more targeted at consumers rather than
businesses, also provides many of the same tools as LinkedIn or Twitter.
• YouTube (www.youtube.com) is a video-sharing website on benchmarking team
members can upload, share, and view videos.
• Slideshare (www.slideshare.com) allows benchmarking team members to upload and
share publicly or privately PowerPoint presentations, Word documents and Adobe
PDF Portfolios.
• Photosharing sites give benchmarking team members the ability to share
photographs.
• Wikis are is websites that allow the easy creation and editing of any number of
interlinked web pages via a web browser. They are useful as platforms for developing
shared knowledge and profiles.

What to benchmark

Over the years, companies have shown a great amount of creativity in choosing what part of
the business to focus on when engaging in benchmarking activities.

1. Products and services

One very common and natural starting point is to focus entirely on the output of the company
and to benchmark products, services or the entire offering of a competitor. Product
benchmarking improves the general understanding of one’s competitive position in the
market and can be based on secondary research to a large extent. For service companies, it
is more difficult to benchmark the offerings of competitors, as services are not as easily
measurable as tangible products. Successful benchmarking of service offerings therefore
often requires a fair amount of interviews or field research.

These days, product or service reviews and benchmarks for certain industries are available
on forums and blogs.

2. Financial performance

Benchmarking pure performance measures may not solve any fundamental issues of
competitiveness but it helps to quantify what can be achieved and what targets to set.

Benchmarking financial performance can often be done at relatively low cost using publicly
available information, some of which is listed online.

3. Processes

Benchmarking processes are common due to their structure and efficiency. Processes are
important because they represent fundamental enablers of competitiveness. It is often the
case that two companies will have access to the same resources and customer base but the
one who has been able to set up better processes, is able to deliver better quality at lower
costs.

However, collecting information about competitor processes is not easy as it may require a
substantial amount of primary research. When benchmarking processes, competitors are an
obvious but not the only choice of benchmarking partners. It is often fruitful to tap into
information sources throughout the competitor value-chain, including suppliers or
distributors. Valuable insight can also be gained by benchmarking companies in other
industries.

Social media has in particular, changed the way companies look at cooperative
benchmarking, where business executives meet with direct or indirect competitors to
exchange information on in-house processes, visit each other’s premises to observe each
other’s operations and discuss challenges and best practices. Today, many cooperative
benchmarking exercises are initiated over professional networks such as LinkedIn.
Moreover, much of the interaction between benchmarking partners can be done on-line,
making it less expensive and more efficient.

4. Strategies

Making good strategic decisions requires knowledge of competitor strategies. Nevertheless,
like processes, strategies are not easy to analyze. There is a lot of information about
strategy that can be obtained from public sources but many aspects of a company’s strategy
are never publicly communicated. In spite of this, it is still possible to conduct successful
benchmarking of strategies by using primary research.

It is sometimes possible to get a hint of a company’s strategic direction by the business
related blogs and networking forums its employees participate in.

Companies can also pull out material from YouTube in order to increase the knowledge of
the competition they are benchmarking against. One automotive company features
competitor commercials taken from YouTube as the opening screen of their intelligence
portal. This is to help their staff see what their customers watch in different markets, and
encourage them to think about how they can position their brands.

5. Functions, teams and organizations

Benchmarking is not only about finding out what other companies do, it is also about how
they manage to do it. Therefore, investigating how another company is organized is a
common theme in benchmarking. This may involve any aspect of a company’s organization;
what functions or teams it has set up, what divisions or business units it has, how many
people are working in each and so on. Organizational benchmarking may go as deep as
profiling individuals.

Using social media such as professional networking websites has proven to be a new and
very fruitful source for this type of benchmarking activity. It saves the costs of fieldwork and
expensive primary research, and may reveal a lot of valuable information with relatively little
research.

Challenges

Utilizing social media is not without its challenges.

The new tools make it easy to expand the team involved in the benchmarking process at any
time but this puts more stress on the management of the benchmarking team, as new team
members need to be brought up to speed with the developments.

While the tools provided by social media would make it easy to allow team members to join
and leave at any time, and carry out the benchmarking process with greater freedom, it also
means that the commitment of team members will vary and the full benefits from the
benchmarking process will not be seized.

Information security should also come under special scrutiny when using social media.
Although on-line groups and collaboration tools are safe and private in theory, whenever
information is uploaded and posted on websites, there is the risk of information leaks. One
way to minimize this risk is to use online tools for live communication such as voice calls or
chats.

Ultimately, the most essential part of any benchmarking process is to act on the information
gained. Social media can help galvanise benchmarking but it is the implementation of
changes and improvements in order to reach the high standards identified that is the biggest
challenge.

This article and others from GIA’s Consumer & Retail practice can be found at Global Intelligence Alliance industries.

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Global Intelligence Alliance (GIA) is a strategic market intelligence and advisory group. GIA was formed in 1995 when a team of market intelligence specialists, management consultants, industry analysts and technology experts came together to build a powerful suite of customized solutions ranging from outsourced market monitoring services and software, to strategic analysis and advisory.

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Social Networking

Social Marketing Answers — Fri, 11 Feb 2011 14:28:54 +0000

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Social networking websites are, for the most part, easy to use. Most are easy to navigate. In fact, many require little knowledge of the internet. In addition to being easy to navigate, social networking websites also make it easier to meet new people online. There are millions of internet users who would love to be able to make new friends online; however, that can sometimes be difficult do.

From a conceptual standpoint, online social networking is no different than traditional networking and socializing. You meet people and get to know them by sharing information about each other. Those you like and/or share interests with become part of your “network.” The marketing magic kicks in when those in your network start talking about you. Your reputation spreads by word-of-mouth.

Indeed, social networking is popular nowadays, but of course it takes a matter of time before it was adapted by people or group of people such as the business people. But now, there is business to business social networking. And there are actually some advantages in business to business social networking.

The concept of social networking for business is to rely on “word of mouth”. Members of a particular site would invite other people to expand their contacts. As the owner of an online business, you should see this as a great opportunity to indirectly advertise. Imagine, if your product becomes a hit, members of the social networking site that you joined will be promoting your product to people who will easily believe them.

Earning from social networking is not uncommon. Many advertisers look for sites, which have high traffic and pay the owner to advertise. It is also a well-known fact in the internet community that social networking websites have millions of visitors and just to direct a fraction of them to your business’s site will surely increase your potential profit. Many surveys and researches have also confirmed that these sites earn much and countless businesses have profited off it easily.

The social networking web sites are very popular these days. If you look at the figures of revenue generated by the web sites in the past few years, you will notice that most of the highest earners are from the social networking category. Social networking web sites are generally very well visited ones. Squidoo and MySpace are two such names.

Seven. You will want to make sure that you are active at social networking sites. Profitable social networking depends upon the amount of time that you devote to this exercise. Eight. Finally, there are some consultants that can provide you with professional advice when it comes to social networking in this day and age.

The first tip in utilizing the power of social networking websites is to continue to grow and build your network. The greater or larger your network, the larger your reach is amongst the masses. The larger the number of people you can reach, the better your chance to market and promote your business’s products.

There are some people who believe in the myth of individualism in which everyone succeeds or fails on the basis of an individuals own abilities and efforts. However research shows that having a strong social network increases the chance of getting a job, pay and promotion, influence and effectiveness, etc.

Read about chimpanzee habitat. Also read about theory of evolution and social networking

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Socialcast – Business Social Networking

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Social Capital

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Introduction

Social capital is a crucial part of any given society as it is a source of stability. This phenomenon falls under the cultural component but is not as clear cut as other types or forms of capital. In fact many people have treated social capital as something that should be addressed by second generation experts. This perspective is because social capital is increasingly difficult to measure even to accommodate in public policy.

The purpose of the paper will be to provide an all encompassing definition of the phenomenon of social capital, identify different methodologies that can be used to measure it, identify social concepts that can be addressed by social capital and lastly explain how social capital can solve problems in a specific organisation. The organisation chosen for analysis is the Environmental Protection Agency Queensland. This will be the focal point in the last portion of the essay as I work in this organisation.

Definition of social capital

Many groups and individuals have attempted to define social capital. However, some of the statements passed of as definitions are in fact depictions of social capital and not the actual thing. Social capital may be defined as the informal and instantiated norm that acts as a means for promoting cooperation between individuals. Norms in this case may refer to the cases of reciprocation between two people or they may refer to complex doctrines from major religions such as Christianity. The most important aspect here is that these norms have to be engrained into a real human relationship. (Stayner, 1997)

The issue of reciprocation is something that potentially exists among all people but is usually evident when dealing with friends. In other words, other aspects such as civil society, trust and networks are only products of social capital but do not form part of the actual definition. It should be noted here that institutional norms do not just apply to any kind of norms. The norms under consideration in social capital are those ones that can cause an actual increase in the level of cooperation between certain groups.

These norms must be linked to certain values that include honesty, reciprocity, performance of duties among others. This also means that other norms applicable in specific scenarios may not qualify as suitable ones in social capital. For instance, in some parts of Italy, there is great cohesion between members of the family but outside the family unit; individuals are allowed to take advantage of one another. Those norms are not acceptable in the definition of social capital. (Putnam, 2006)

Some people assert that social capital is a public good. In this respect, it is likely that private agents would not produce it in surplus. However, such a perception is dangerously misleading because of the fact that many people need cooperation in order to attain their individual needs. This means that they will create social capital as a private commodity. However, one cannot ignore the fact social capital as a private good is still vulnerable to negative and positive externalities. One example of a positive externality is the way individuals treat each other well even when those individuals do not come from their own families. Social capital can bring about negative externalities owing to the fact that the closer a group of people are to one another, the more dissociated they are from other non-members of their group. Taking the examples of Mafias in Russia; this category of individuals has a very high degree of social capital amongst themselves. However, they bring about so many problems to the community that they are dealing with. (Fine, 2001)

Some people have asserted that social capital caused societal problems because it encourages bureaucracies and even hatred towards others. However, this assertion is also not true because of the fact that society has its own way of dealing with vices. Additionally, other forms of capital have their negatives too. For instance, human capital has its own defects because it can create torturous situations for the affected persons. Besides that, physical capital can also be detrimental in that rifles and other dangerous ammunitions still qualify as forms of capital. Therefore, one can conclude that since social capital assists people in the process of goal achievement, then it is just like any other form of capital.

The reason why social capital has generated a lot of controversy with regard to it benefits is that it has the highest number of negative externalities compared to the other forms of capital such as human and physical capital. The human mind operates in such a way that it always creates friends and enemies; this is the basis for most political systems. Consequently, when certain people cooperate with one another, then they tend to sideline others in the process. One must therefore look at the net externalities that social capital would bring to society.

Another approach to social capital is considering it as a radius of trust. Groups that have social capital are likely to poses radius of trusts. When the outcomes emanating from this cooperation are positive, then this expands the groups’ radius of trust beyond its immediate circles. One can therefore assert that in a certain modern society, social capital is seen as a series of circles that tend to overlap with one another and the higher the degree of overlapping the more positive externalities associated with social capital. (Bolin et al, 2004)

How to measure social capital

The biggest debates surrounding social capital revolve around its measurements. Many stakeholders have failed to agree on how this can be done. However, there are still some general approaches in this area. Two types of methods emerge and they include

Survey data
Census

Survey data can be conducted on the issue of civil engagement or levels of trust within any one society. Censuses are usually conducted on specific group membership so as to engage their level of social capital. There may also be other approaches that are plausible and all these will be examined below.

One expert in the field of social capital known as Robert Putnam conducted a research for measuring social capital. He used the census approach in that he counted all the civil society groups within his area of study. Here, he included groups such as political clubs, literary societies, bowling leagues and sports clubs. He compared these sizes across geographical areas and also through the passage of time. The size of each group i.e. the number of members of the civil society groups were represented by the letter ‘n’. In his case, he measured social capital as the sums of all the social membership groups as show below

SC = the sum [n1...nT]

Where n is the number of people, 1 is the first civil member society and t is the last number of civil society members. SC is social capital

Consequently, when n and t are high, then the level of social capital is also high. This is because when n is low, then groups cannot achieving big aims. Also, when t is low, then chances are that the level of separateness in that society is high. This method has its defects because sometimes the definitions of t are not clearly laid out. In other words, it may be difficult to determine exactly how many civil societies exist in society. It is also difficult to determine how many groups were left out in between 1 to t. (Edwards, 2004)

This method may also be problematic because of the fact that censuses conducted in certain areas may only focus on certain prominent civil groups and ignore others. Taking the example of a census conducted in the Yankee City in the United States. It was found that there were as many as twenty two thousand groups in a community constituting seventeen thousand members. What this meant was that the proliferation of technology has brought about so many groups that may be difficult to track. For instance, it is very difficult to measure the numbers of people who belong to online chat rooms, those who engage in email conversations among other things.

Because of the inadequacies in the latter formulas, it is essential to add another aspect to it that incorporates the level of cohesiveness in a certain group. For instance, bowling leagues have no way of changing parliamentary decisions. Consequently, one should not look for ways in which they can include the level of integration between groups and this is by adding the coefficient c. This is a very difficult parameter to measure because it requires the involvement of an outsider who would asses a how a specific group is behaving in normal circumstances and also under high stress. By introducing this coefficient, then the formula for measuring social capital now becomes

SC=sum of [(cn)1.....(cn)t]

It should also be noted that the latter method is still not comprehensive enough owing to the fact that every group creates some externalities that are independent of the direct efforts of the group. (Harris, 2001) For example, if a religious sect is started and members are encouraged to be honest with one another, then it is likely that during their business dealings, such individuals are likely to carry forward the same principle into their business dealings and this can cause positive business outcomes in those respective societies. To incorporate this aspect, one can use the coefficient rp where r represents the group’s radius of trust. Therefore the formula for calculating social capital becomes

SC= Sum [ (rp cn1)....(rp cn)t]

However, one cannot ignore the fact that the radius of trust in any particular group can either be positive or negative. As indicated earlier members of the Russian mafia are likely to produce more negative externalities than other sectors. While religious groups that encourage positivity to all people regardless of their membership is likely to create positive spill-overs. In order to account for these eventualities, then the reciprocal of the radius of trust denoted by rn needs to be included in the formula as follows.

SC= Sum of [ {(1/rn)rp cn}1 ...... {(1/rn)rp cn}t ]

Alternatively, social capital can be measured for specific organisation through another method. In this case, one gets the changes that occurred within a certain company prior to takeover and the changes that occurred after the takeover here. (Beck, 1999)

Market capitalisation incorporates both intangible and tangible assets. In this case, social capital is found within the intangible assets such as management and employees within the company. It should be noted that it may be difficult trying to draw a line between other social aspects of a company’s intangible assets. Examples of the latter include things such as future market conditions, brand names, good will among others. Consequently, one must look for ways that they can use to enhance this process.

When considering organisations that are being taken over, it is essential to include the aspect of premium. This is because this indicates how much the new managers believe they can handle or even manage a certain company. Premium also indicates the degree to which management regards the future among other situations. In the end, it is essential to understand that this premium may not just be a mere indication of the social capital in that firm but it may also include human capital. This method is inadequate in that is includes other parameters but one cannot ignore the fact that social capital forms an important part of the premium attached to a certain organisation.

How social capital can be used to address a particular social issue

The issue of informal education is particularly important in society because of a number of reasons as shown below

Facilitates child development
Eliminates traditional risk factors
Facilities economic development
Improves health

When education within a certain society is rich i.e. it is a combination of both traditional teachings and informal education, then chances of social and economic prosperity are heightened. For instance, informal education facilitates child development because through social capital, informal education can teach children important norms that will be useful in their academic achievements. It also heightens the opportunities available to these individuals and also the choices that they are willing to make. (Haidt, 2006)

Additionally, informal education engrained and facilitated by social capital can create situations in which public areas are cleaner and safer. It can also reduce poverty levels and mobility within any give society. Many societies register greater level of crime than others because their informal education does not have the ability to encourage them to enter community organisations. Consequently, such people are not interlinked and would therefore not feel obliged to commit crimes.

The Marxist school of thought puts forward the fact that poor countries’ economies remain stagnant owing to the fact that there is high degree of inequality and social / economic advantage in such countries. Consequently, when informal education is coupled with social capital, then it will go a long way in mitigating social inequalities thus enhancing the economy.

If informal education is boosted by social capital, then this can enhance the overall public health situation within a respective area. This is because people would be encouraged to participate in socially building activities. These include volunteering church activities, club attendance among others. All these interactions increase life happiness and minimise the occurrence of street related diseases. (Allen, 2008)

The later are the benefits that can emanate from coupling social capital with informal education. However, it is also necessary to review practical applications of how this can be done. Many informal educators utilise group memberships in clubs, organisations etc to achieve their objectives. Many approaches used by informal educators in the past revolved around formation of groups targeting certain troubled members. However, social capital necessitates a different approach. Here, the very fact that an individual has joined an organisation will reduce their chances of exhibiting those negative indications. This means that informal educators need to redirect their efforts towards encouraging people to join social organisations or other similar institutions so as to promote greater levels of cooperation.

There should be a move towards creating enthusiasm for joining any of the following

Social groups
Health relate groups
Political enthusiasts
Economic groups

In other words, through informal education targeting the joining of these groups, then the overall quality of education within Australia can increase.

It is also imperative to remember that informal education can be linked to social networks. One cannot ignore the fact that many individuals lack the feelings of tolerance or trust among themselves yet these are important aspects of social networks. Consequently, by building these attributes through social capital, then informal education can be heightened. Additionally, informal educators can achieve the same objective through the use of dialogue among interest groups or through conversations. By doing this, they will have created an environment that promotes cooperation and this will go along in improving society’s overall performance. (Bookman, 2004)

Informal educators should also be careful about the potential negatives that emanate from social networks. In other words, they promote alienation of other groups and may also bring about narrowing in society. In response to this, informal educators can teach their target groups about the need to celebrate differences between one another. In close relation to this, is that they need to teach these people how they can achieve better levels of tolerance. They can do this by celebrating those differences that seem to occur across different groups. Besides this, informal educator can look for ways in which they can promote bridging and bonding. All in all, social capital would facilitate greater achievement of these personal goals.

A social capital issue relevant to my organisation

The organisation under consideration is the Environmental protection agency Brisbane. This agency works towards protecting all natural resources regardless of whether they are found on land, in the sea or on air. For Australia, marine pollution and the sustainability of water resources for protection of marine life is particularly important. This is because a vast majority of Australian land is a coastline and these issues have to be addressed. (Offer, 2006)

The particular social issue that is related to marine life is fishing by individuals within certain areas of the coastal regions. When one examines other parts of the world such as in the Guatemalan coast, one can see that there are overwhelming cases of commercialisation within this coastal region. The overall result is that some groups have been marginalised while others are benefitting overwhelmingly out of this. This has brought about greater levels of depletion within the marine ecosystems of that area.

Similarly, Australia is faced with a lot of issues in its coastal areas. There are a series of groups within the latter areas that are interested in fishing activities. These fishers can either be divided into personal fishers such as the one done by the native aboriginal people or personal fisher men who sell to bigger firms or the bigger firms themselves.

Usually, corporations have their own forms of social organisation and networking, however, this is not prevalent among the individual harvesters. Most of them operate in isolation and have very minimal opportunities to supplement their incomes through commercial enterprises. What this means is that the largest portion of fishing is done by these large corporations and most of them tend to overuse fishing resources. If this is left unchecked, then it could cause a situation in which marine life is endangered. Consequently, there is a need to look for ways in which this can be minimised through social capital.

One can see that instrumental processes are at work in this situation in that other groups are benefitting more than others. Additionally, there is the problem of exploitation of fishing processes by the large companies because there are minimal normative processes available to them. Consequently, one needs to look for ways in which these issues can be resolved.

The first issue that needs to be tackled here is the protection of the rights of individual fisher men. Social capital can provide a solution by encouraging members of the fishing community to join their efforts by forming an organisation. By doing this, their work will be more systematic, they will have better instruments and commercial organisations will need to consider them as worthy competitors. What this will do is that it will create situations in which international firms will be prompted to move to other parts of the world that has less social capital and this will protect marine species within Australian coastal regions. (Putnam, 2006)

By forming organisation and cooperating with one, fisher men in the coastal regions will go a long way in boosting equitable distribution of fishing grounds within Australian waters because these commercial companies will be encouraged to disperse their efforts to other parts of the country that are not as polluted as others. Consequently, this will protect marine life because cases of overfishing in certain areas ad minimal fishing in others will greatly reduce.

Conclusion

Social capital can present numerous benefits to organisations, groups and society alike. However, the negatives brought about by this concept can be mitigated by planning for the differences created

reference

Stayner, R. (1997): Sense of place, social capital and rural development, The rural development centre, University of new England Paper presented to the rural Australia, 4th July

Allen, S. (2008): The Social Economy of the Metropolis; Oxford University Press

Putnam, R. (2006): Diversity and Community in the Twenty-First Century; Nordic Political Science Association

Bolin, B. et al (2004): Bonding and Bridging – Understanding the Relationship between Social Capital and Civic Action; Journal of Planning Education and Research, 24, 3, 64-77

Harriss, J. (2001): Depoliticizing Development – The World Bank and Social Capital, Free Press

Fine, B. (2001): Social Capital versus Social Theory – Political Economy and Social Science at the Turn of the Millennium; Routledge

Offer, A. (2006): The Challenge of Affluence – Self-control and well-being in the United States and Britain since 1950; Oxford University Press

Haidt, J. (2006): Putting ancient wisdom and philosophy to the test of modern science; Heinemann Publishers

Edwards, M. (2004): Civil Society; Polity Press

Bookman, A. (2004): How working families can build community and survive the new economy; Routledge.

Beck, U. (1999): World Risk Society; Polity Press

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In previous articles I have discussed the importance of utilizing one’s own knowledge as a means of choosing a topic for your e-book. However, personal knowledge of a particular subject, while it might be extensive, should always be supplemented by additional research. In this article we look at living memory as an alternative source of information.

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Joseph Escottl
Writingl
Feb 05, 2011

Readymade Research Paper Topics From Professionals

Working on Research Paper Topics has become a part of the curriculum of many institutions. You are assigned with the job of writing some thesis, research paper or an essay on a topic which is randomly chosen by your school or college and is not necessarily one of your interest.

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Stan Cartmanl
Writingl
Feb 05, 2011

Legal Basis And Requirements Of Un Peacekeeping Operations

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Information Risk Management Paper

Business>
Non Profit Organizationsl
Mar 01, 2010
lViews: 219

Businesses have now realized that the security of their information could make or break their organization. For this particular paper, the discussion will be limited to the security threats and risk factors associated with baby products production

By:
Carolyn Smithl
Businessl
Mar 01, 2010
lViews: 177

Impact Of Outsourcing Of Jobs On Organizational Effectiveness

An organization is said to have outsourced their jobs when they delegate certain duties and functions to an external party. (Gilley et al, 2004)This is usually necessary in instances where a specific company has no skills for performing the task within the organization. Additionally, it can be done in order to minimize workload.

Contemporary Feminism: Performing Queers Identity Through Culture, Gender, Differential Consciousness, Embodied Knowledge And Phenomology

Writing>
Article Marketingl
Mar 01, 2010
lViews: 658

The working title will be ” Contemporary feminism: Performing queer identity through culture, gender, differential consciousness, embodied knowledge and phenomology” This title was chosen owing to the fact that the queer theory has gained some leverage on gender studies. Consequently, it would be necessary to look into its methods of performance.

Case Study On Human Development

News and Society>
Women’s Issuesl
Mar 01, 2010
lViews: 107

Rutter and Rutter (1992) define lifespan development as “the systematic, intra-individual change that is clearly associated with generally expectable age related progressions and which is carried forward in the same way that has implications for a person’s pattern or level of functioning at some time later.

By:
Carolyn Smithl
Writingl
Mar 01, 2010
lViews: 442

Research Survey On Online Books

There is considerable evidence to show that e commerce is the face of the future for numerous businesses around the world. Consequently, Purple book stores are preparing to share in the success and benefits that come with online selling.

Staff Retention And Performance Management At Qatar Museum Authority

Writing>
Book Reviewsl
Mar 01, 2010
lViews: 104

Qatar Museum Authority is a nonprofit organization set up by the government with the aim of improving archeology and museums within the state of Qatar. It is a newly formed corporate body with only three years in service so far; it was set up in 2005.

By:
Carolyn Smithl
Writingl
Mar 01, 2010
lViews: 486

International Business In Russia

There are a number of misconceptions about Russia as a business destination. Some people believe that conducting business in Russia is an all too easy process and that all it takes are some good connections or simply meeting with the right people.

By:
Carolyn Smithl
Businessl
Mar 01, 2010
lViews: 584

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Super Word Of Mouth Marketing (Swom) ? Can Be A Powerful Tool Online!

Social Marketing Answers — Tue, 01 Feb 2011 14:14:37 +0000

Super Word Of Mouth Marketing (Swom) – Can Be A Powerful Tool Online!

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Super Word Of Mouth Marketing (Swom) – Can Be A Powerful Tool Online!

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Social media resources, tools and applications. Social networks are the grouping of people into specific groups, like small rural communities or even a neighborhood subdivision, if you will. Although social networking is possible in person, especially on the job, universities, and high schools, its most popular online. Social network sites are popular on the web. Online social networks have sprouted for business, hobbies, schools and religious groups.

Social networking sites have added a brand new factor towards the “friends of friends” equation. By providing details about yourself and ultizing blogs, boards, email, or instant messaging, you can communicate, either inside a limited community, or with the world at large. Social network sites have morphed right into a mainstream medium for teens and adults. These sites encourage and enable people to exchange information regarding themselves, share pictures and videos, and use blogs and private messaging to communicate with friends, others who share interests, and sometimes even the world-at-large. Social networking sites depend on their users contributing to the site, and makes it possible to structure a site in a way users can simply contribute to the site ” making a powerful social network.

Social networking sites often connect people offline through individual meetings or group events. Bear in mind: A face-to-face meeting requires you to definitely respond with no time afforded by email to craft your message. Social networking destroys what libraries were made for.

Social network services allow users to control, build and represent their social networks online. Services usually (but not always) include other individuals; they may also include the profiles of events, companies, even political parties. Social networking provides the optimal platform for employees to communicate, information share and discuss real issues affecting the company. Senior management can also use these platforms create healthy staff communities, provide interactive company news and bring together the resources from former colleagues. Social network is now a mainstream and established communication platform. The previous few years may see social media marketing propel itself as a platform to advertise services, deploy PR campaigns, for individuals to promote themselves and the best place to job hunt!

Social network web pages are similar to cars: convenient, packed with potential, and immediate; yet, cars are very dangerous. Is it the car that’s dangerous? Social network sites give their users a good way to share specifics of themselves. However, many users are quickly finding that the information they plan to offer their friends can all too easily find its way into the hands of the authorities, strangers, the press, and the public at large. Social network sites such as Swom are one of the most visited sites in the world. They are a virtual meeting place at a whole range of levels.

Social networking’s optimistic boosters prefer to not view it in such stark terms. In theory, a social media marketing job serves the simple altruistic purpose of “having a conversation with your constituency.”. Social networking attracted more than 114 million global visitors age 15 and older in June 2007, representing a 72-percent increase versus last year. Social networking sites like SWOM are probably the most egregious walled gardens on the web today — yet they remain incredibly popular.

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If you are interested in boosting your internet marketing experience then you definitely must visit Super Word Of Mouth (Swom) today and register completely free!

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The Fate of Social Networks

Ian Swanson is the CEO of Sometrics, a company that is keeping the social networks alive by allowing them to track and monetize their traffic and social metrics through advertising. He believes that the sharing of online content of all kinds will drive the future of this growing industry. (04:29)

How to Social Network as an Actor

Social Networking is a huge part of becoming an actor. Here are some tips on the proper methods of social networking in the acting industry. (02:08)

Safe Surfing – beginner’s guide – #9 – Supervise Social Network Activity

Social networks have become a part of daily life. Facebook has over 150 million users. MySpace, Bebe, Twitter, and more also have millions of users. As a parent you need to have some guidelines for your children if you’re going to let them participate online. (03:56)

How to Update All your Social Networks at Once

Here’s a video showing you how to use a website which enables you to update the status of all your social networks. At the same time – with the click of a button. Enjoy! (02:15)

Social Networking Safety

Social Networking Safety Tips for your home and small business.
(01:35)

Super Word Of Mouth (Swom) The Most Effective Social Network Site On The Internet

Social media marketing stands out as the latest buzzword, in fact it is fast becoming a necessity as opposed to an extra weapon within your marketing armoury.

SEO China – Catering To Different Demographics In Different Languages

Internet>
Internet Marketingl
Apr 13, 2010

SEO Company China specialises in keyword research and optimization, growth of website reputation, converting website into expert site, constant optimization by altering keyword position and content density. At Green Chillies our search engine optimization services are a long term process that requires constant monitoring, optimization and adaption of all keywords related content.

By:
Ilona Andrewsl

Internet>
Internet Marketingl
Feb 01, 2011

I had to find a way to get noticed online, so I brought in the seo experts

I am happy to admit that I am not a technology guy. I suppose that I am just stuck in the past in some ways. That is why any time I have to do something that involves tech in my business, I outsource it to someone else. This is exactly what I did when I needed to develop a great website for my business.

By:
Front Pagel

Internet>
Internet Marketingl
Feb 01, 2011

Importance of Website Development Services and internet marketing services

Web development holds great importance for plenty of reasons. One of them is that it makes complicated and complex assignments simpler and easy to comprehend. There are multiple tasks in hand which become highly effortless just because of robust web development services.

By:
John Anthonyl

Internet>
Internet Marketingl
Feb 01, 2011

Conduct Article Promotion Successfully By Following These Pointers

Article marketing is a strategy that is going to offer you scores of site traffic and profits, plus make certain that your web-based venture becomes sustainable in the long run. This article discusses article promotion and the components you must keep in mind if you use this strategy for your business venture.

By:
Chris Jamesl

Internet>
Internet Marketingl
Feb 01, 2011

How to Increase Traffic With Auto Traffic Monopoly

The Auto Traffic Monopoly (ATM) system is yet another traffic generating product to enable you to attract more clicks on your website. Read on for a full review of whether this software created by Andrew Wallace is worth the money for the results you will achieve.

By:
Anthony Philip Parkerl

Internet>
Internet Marketingl
Feb 01, 2011

Can You Find Legitimate Online Jobs?

The idea of working from home via the internet appeals to many people these days and products are arriving online to meet this need. While many people have raised concerns about fraudulent work at home by computer schemes, that doesn’t mean all such products are scams. Legit Online Jobs is one example of an online employment opportunity. Read on for a full review.

By:
Anthony Philip Parkerl

Internet>
Internet Marketingl
Feb 01, 2011

How to Make Your Newsletter a Raving Success

Publishing an online newsletter can be great for your business, even if you’re in a niche that doesn’t have a big market. Publishing a newsletter afford the chance to reach out to your targeted subscribers with a click of the button and give them the right info on a constant basis.

By:
Todd Allenl

Internet>
Internet Marketingl
Feb 01, 2011

SEO Canada – Keywords are your ticket to more traffic and top 10 on Google

While no company can assure you a number one position on Google, SEO Company Canada will guarantee your websites great results. With better quality traffic and high ranking your website will stand a better chance in achieving its marketing plans. By making attainable goals and realistic solutions, you will reach your online marketing budget.

By:
Ilona Andrewsl

Internet>
Internet Marketingl
Feb 01, 2011

Anxiety Disorders Symptoms: Are You Under Siege

About 20 percent of the world’s population suffer some form of anxiousness problem at some point in their lives, as indicated by statistical data from the World Health Organization (WHO). Panic attacks and phobias are some from the ways in which this illness is present not only manifested via the intense fear and nervousness but also physical signs such as tachycardia, nausea and dizziness, signs and symptoms that confused with other pathologies delaying accurate diagnosis.

Techniques Of Dry Skin Treatments

Health>
Mental Healthl
Jun 20, 2010

Dry skin is a typical issue for men and women. In dry climates the epidermis frequently worsens and becomes much more than an aesthetic nuisance.

Importance Of Bodybuilding Diet Strategy

Health>
Anti Agingl
Jun 20, 2010

The new generation is crazy after six packs. Every other man wants to construct their body and for this they hit the gym each and every now and then. Nevertheless, many don’t know what bodybuilding indicates. For their knowledge let me tell you, bodybuilding means the pursuit of lean muscle mass. The most important factor in bodybuilding is burning excess fat and gaining muscle.

The Healthy Diet Pyramid: Steps To A Much More Wholesome “Me”?

Health>
Wellnessl
Jun 20, 2010
lComments: 1

The healthy diet pyramid represents the general concept of eating wholesome, balanced diet that includes all foods. This set of recommendations aimed at promoting better lifestyles and decrease the incidence of chronic diseases like diabetes, hypertension, obesity and cardiovascular illness.

The Infinite Alternatives Of Online Personals Dating

Health>
Wellnessl
Jun 15, 2010

A globe of unlimited possibilities, You are able to explore the relationship web sites online and browse through a myriad of member profiles varying in every kind imaginable demographically. Whatever your individual background, the chances of finding somebody similar are exceptionally high within an on the internet dating environment. You can communicate with a variety of individuals with various ages, various location, descriptions, sexual orientation and interests.

Some Tips For Men Who Want To Meet Some Women Online Personals Dating

Relationships>
Datingl
Jun 13, 2010

Nowadays many of us use or have used dating websites online. The online personals dating web sites are a great way to meet other people and indisputably the individual you are looking for.

Why Do Lots Of Lesbians Refuse To Date Bisexuals At Lesbian Bisexual Dating Sites?

Relationships>
Datingl
Jun 13, 2010

You’ll do well to not confuse bisexuality with being gay or the other way round because bisexuality is truly a valid sexuality on its own. Bisexual everyone is very different from bi-curious people who are usually heterosexuals that are interested only in “trials” to perk up their dull sex lives.

Are There Any Lesbian Bi Dating Sites Of The Gay, Lesbian, And BI Community?

Relationships>
Datingl
May 18, 2010

Bisexual was a term that was hardly used before the first 90′s when it became and still form of it somewhat of a fashion, especially among the young female population.However true bisexuality does truly exist, in crowds of young teenage or university students it can often be a way to draw in attention a lot more than any real want to date or be with the opposite sex.

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Relationships>
Datingl
May 18, 2010
lViews: 109

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If you are interested in boosting your internet marketing experience then you definitely must visit Super Word Of Mouth (Swom) today and register completely free!

Taming the Market: A Developing Country Perspective

Social Marketing Answers — Thu, 27 Jan 2011 13:55:26 +0000

Taming the Market: A Developing Country Perspective document.body.offsetHeight ? document.body.scrollHeight : document.body.offsetHeight + ‘px’)}*:first-child+html
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Home Page > Finance > Taming the Market: A Developing Country Perspective

Taming the Market: A Developing Country Perspective

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Posted: Apr 24, 2010 |Comments: 0
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In modern economics, sound policies are considered to be those that provide business incentives to private sector and ensure minimum government intervention. It is believed that proper market set up will unleash a spirit of entrepreneurship that is necessary for the rapid and stellar economic expansion. It is argued, both theoretically and historically, that this very entrepreneur spirit had caused industrial revolution and economic progress in UK and then in America.

Markets no doubt have the potential to yield best economic outcome. But market forces work best under the umbrella of various political and social institutes. Some of these institutes are vivid like judicial system, social infrastructure, property rights and law enforcement mechanism. Some are not so vivid like social institute of money, strategic interactions among various economic players/groups.

Competitive forces may shape the outcome in some circumstances but in the peculiarities prevalent in developing countries coupled with changing economic landscape due to liberalized movements of both goods and capital, they are unlikely to yield desired outcomes in many environments. For one thing, in developing countries, strategic forces rather than competitive forces are dominant in the markets. The players on the supply side have to decide whether to compete or to collaborate. This decision in itself depends on various factors e.g. nature of political and social institutes, expectations about the future economic policies, strategic nature of pricing decisions and existence of pressure groups in a society.

It is said that nature of political and economic arrangements determines the extent to which market forces play their positive role. In most low income countries such arrangements are not in line with what is required for fair capitalism (i.e. in which the forces of different interest groups are in harmony with each other). The presence of strong vested interests, few large sellers in crucial commodity market, the existence of unified business and political class, lack of democratic institutions and above all, largely ignorant masses all create inequalities between different economic groups. While in Europe we have the Magna Carta (the Great Charter of Freedoms) signed in 1215, in most of the developing countries the majority of the people are still living ignorant of their rights and looking towards their patterns/landlords for their subsistence.

Now, economic models and theories, with their elegant mathematical structures and logical conclusions are unable to take into account these extra-economic factors keeping aside the factors exclusive to low income countries. Like a laboratory biologist, who falsely tries to understand the working of a whole body by looking into a single cell beneath his telescope, the modern economic analysis is confined to the representative agent without any regard for the different forces that shape the outcome of the society. Thus, there is no surprise that these economic policies yield unsatisfactory results in most of the low income countries.

Over recent years there have been significant changes in the working of economic systems both at national and international levels. As liberalized trade among countries is increasing, it is rapidly changing the dynamics of the market mechanism. Unfortunately, these changes are not very favorable for the developing countries. For an explanation, let us suppose that there is an increase in the price of sugar in the international market. An increase in the price of sugar in international market will induce sugar manufactures around the globe to sell their product dearly in international market even if it is at the expense of local consumers. Therefore, a rise in the price of a commodity in international market can cause shortage of that same commodity in many countries. Most of all, this supposed increase in demand of sugar may not be due to increase demand of sugar in some other region. But because of an increase in the asset value of the commodity has caused its price to increase and thus make it dear for the poor people in low income countries!

Someone may ask that such an increase in the price of commodity in international market may be a temporary phenomena and price again come back at the previous or even below than previous level. No doubt it is possible. But it is better if we see the things in their context. In the past 15 years, the shape of global economy has changed significantly. Unlike, the scheme of things prior to 1990s, the drivers of global growth is now emerging economies notably Asian Tigers, China and India. These countries have a huge sum of foreign exchange reserves which they keep in the treasury bonds issued by US or Euro monetary union. Because it provides way to US economy to finance its trade deficit with the corollary of eroding value of dollar. This fact is not particularly soothing for international investors who interpret it as vulnerability of international system. Thus they prefer to keep their funds in commodities and metals. This will cause an increase in the price of commodities and metals. A look at the graph of any commodity or metal over the last decade will reveal a sustained increase in its price in international market. Superficially, it is helpful for low income countries as they are mostly commodity exporters. But underlying, it is benefiting only the small elite class or vested interests in these countries as they are taking the supplies away from domestic markets to sell them in international markets. Weak governments are not in a position to stop this practice because they cannot discourage free market forces as it is not an acceptable wisdom both at national and international policy corridors.

Weakness in the institute of monetary unit is another universal problem among developing countries and it has many implications both at political, social and economic levels. For example, it reduces not only existing profit margins but also reduces the expected profit margins which negatively affect the business and investment decisions. It compels the agents to keep their savings in other assets. It will increase the prices of other assets which negatively affect the rate of return on government bonds and increase the cost of government borrowing. Now what will happen? Either government reduces its expenditure or increases its taxes. The weak social institute of money in low income countries has also cause problems for wage earners by reducing the purchasing power of their wages and savings alike.

Some economists who favored the logical conclusions of economics (and ignore their false premises) will argue that market forces will attract new producers and sellers in the medium term which will increase the supply of the high price commodity and this will end the problem. This is no doubt possible but practically we have to see many other things. Like, how long is this medium term will be? And what is the guarantee that a novice entrant will ready to dictate its terms to an established producer(s) earning abnormal profits in the recent past?

It is unfortunate that the market liberalists who favor the market mechanism and democracy as the golden combination that can ever devised by any civilization forget to take into account the importance of government as an institute. And what is that importance? Government is important not only as a law enforcement agency but as a collective wisdom of the past generations: an experienced and conscience being with all the trial and errors related to political and economic problems at its disposal and with the light of knowledge for the coming days. Moreover, with capitalism and democracy, the institute of government encompasses people’s choices which they indicate through votes. To put government to a minimal role subservient to the solutions by market, as the modern economists so forcefully argued, is akin to favor cleverness before wisdom and information before knowledge. As in each case the former beat the latter but only in the short run.

In ancient times, when man was has not learn farming, he used to enjoy bounties of natures in the form Mother Nature endowed them to him. But with the passage of time he learns farming and cultivation according to season and geography of land. This knowledge allows him to enjoy the fruits of nature in more preferred manner. Similarly, market requires government intervention and regulation to yield their best and socially acceptable fruits. Simply let the instincts of different interest groups decide the market outcome will lead to poor results.

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Ummad Mazhar -
About the Author:

Author is an academic based in France. He is a research fellow at Center Emile Bernheim, Brussels and a member of GATE (Group of Analytical and Theoretical Economics), Lyon, France.

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Author is an academic based in France. He is a research fellow at Center Emile Bernheim, Brussels and a member of GATE (Group of Analytical and Theoretical Economics), Lyon, France.

Getting Started with Social Media Marketing

Social Marketing Answers — Mon, 17 Jan 2011 14:11:41 +0000

Getting Started with Social Media Marketing

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Home Page > Advertising > Online Promotion > Getting Started with Social Media Marketing

Getting Started with Social Media Marketing

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Posted: May 14, 2010 |Comments: 0
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What could be the reasons why people are so hooked into social media? Is social media one of those online trends that is bound to fade naturally as new marketing innovations take place? Looking at its essential purpose, I must say that social media will outlast and outwit other online fads as it is the only one platform that truly personify the core value of Internet technology: connecting people and sharing information.

How then can social media be beneficial for everyone? More than just a venue to connect and share information, social media also allows its users to actually generate revenues from site visits. Additionally, with the right strategies and approaches, anyone can become a successful internet marketer and achieve his or her goals of products promoting their products and services.

To properly launch your social media marketing, you should consider the following list to better start your online marketing. Evaluate these points and see if they are integrated in your plans.

Identify the top players. We all know that the Internet these days is overwhelmed with massive social media sites accessible to just about anyone. Unfortunately, not all of these sites are relevant to your Internet marketing goal. These sties cater different genre and niches and it is never a good move to run through all of these sites. Therefore, you should only locate those sites where your target audiences are situated. Additionally, narrow down your searches to locate only the hottest sites with massive traffic of people who are share the same interest as you do.

Practice what your learn. One effective way for you to achieve authority over your niche is to continuously learn and practice those theories. Be persistent in visiting sites and posting comments and wise opinions. When people being to notice your posted comments on other sites, they will be encourage to visit you and to know you further. These types of interactions allow you to even learn the tricks and tips of your rivals as well as existing consumers.

Write quality content. You can drive people to your site via links posted along with your comments but encouraging them to stay will only happen if you have quality content to fuel their interests. Strategize on coming up with informative as well as interesting entries. To do this, you need to put on extra effort and time to conduct research about your topics and be on the look out for new trends. If you have gathered enough topics and information, package them in a way your audience will be drawn to it. You quality content only matters when your target audience can understand them with ease.

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Why did ancient Indian social classes merge as small castes into rig Vedic civilization of religious Hinduism in India despite following part2

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Why did ancient Indian social classes merge as small castes into rig Vedic civilization of religious Hinduism in India despite following part2

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Home Page > News and Society > Politics > Why did ancient Indian social classes merge as small castes into rig Vedic civilization of religious Hinduism in India despite following part2

Why did ancient Indian social classes merge as small castes into rig Vedic civilization of religious Hinduism in India despite following part2

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any difference between her father-in law and bother in law.

“Act like a queen to your husband’s father, to your husband’s mother likewise, and his sister. To all your husband’s brothers be queen. Rig Veda 10.85.46

It could not be denied the fact that these composers also have their daily lives in the same of with little different from the commoners because they were given complete time for the praising of the gods through chanting the songs loudly attracting to the other people by such a way they deemed fit to get them into their fold like a publicity campaign of the new product in the market at that time. In the following hymn at least three things they were communicated through inviting, informing and blessing for those who believe on his saying. The hymn also find the difference between the places of work and worship, among those people who were living in their fold or out of fold and wishes for higher stature to help them in acquiring the treasures preserved in the nature, it clearly shows their urge from those who were at their work place where the treasure they wanted to prosper for both from the lands and the nature by asking the people to conduct the worship for the nature’s bounties at that time.

“I am inclined to adore you, the two sages, the ministrants at the places of work and worship of men; from whm all the prosperity is derived. May you raise our offspring to a higher stature and help us to acquire precious treasures preserved amongst nature’s bounties, when the worship is being conducted. (Rig Veda 7.2.7.)”

Till this period, when the weaving and spindling the threads for weaving the cloths were known to the society and these people were in isolation from such works at that specific time of the declaration of the hymn. if the composers of the verse were followed the true serialization of the historical events by the way of hearsay process, it is understood that the people who were in chanting the songs in the praise of their gods with the system they adopted by sitting on the grass in a system which was not initiated in their early stage but it was gradually practiced with the wide range of participation of the nearby area people into their practice for their wishes and bounties assured by them from their gods on performing such worships showed that they were not known the work of weaving at that time and they were practiced their lives in the same way. So that he himself stating that he does not know how to weave, it is shown in the following.

“I know not how to stretch the threads or weave or discern the pattern of those who weave in the contest. Whose son will be the one to speak so well as to surpass, advancing from below, his father Rig Veda 6.9.2.”

In another following hymn, the intense desire for the son is understood by a comparison with a grinding stones which were also in use in the society at that time

“Divine Architect of the universe, well pleased, may you give us procreant vigor, whence a brave son — skilled in action, lover of divine powers and resolute like grinding stones — be born. Rig Veda 7.2.9.”

The heart of the women how they have been in understanding so such and how they wanted to interpret it is seen in the following hymn.

”There cannot be any friendship with women. Her heart is more cruel than heyna” – Rig Veda 10/95/15″

It could be understood that they were well aware about the cruelty of the heart of the woman at that time apart from understanding the good hearted women in their societies.

While reviewing the rig Vedic society for origin and nucleus of the class origins in the same civilization in India, the apparent reasons behind the origination of the caste are very essential one here through which the whole society could be understood by adding the influential factor’s role from of out side to develop of the rig Vedic society, on the subjects concerned because here the case is such the religion Hinduism had owned the castes under its umbrella without doing any attempt on it directly from in side of the society in India. The difference of the societies of in India is not a case in contradiction to review it once comparison but it a case to analyze in three ways from the basic concepts of the class, caste and religion prior to the rig Vedic as well as rig Vedic civilizations of the northern Indian region where the origin and the destruction of the civilization was lived for a short period. While considering the fundamental concepts on the origin of the castes in India had its religious color in finding the reasons behind origination of the caste system in India.

Another concept about the origin of the castes in India is that the whole Indian system was originated and developed on the similar line of the Marxian concept in its totality without considering the basic differences in emerging the Indian society within the limits of the class concept like in a Marxian way of class struggle from its beginning where the classes with its history in developing the factors in the society at that time was completely absent and still it is try to convince the people who feels some thing different in emergence of the classes in the society of the description of the society. Where the whole system of Indian society itself was in mystery while interpreting it on the basis of the class concept from the Marxian texts in copying the society from the original copy of the roman, Europeans and Greek societies, it is impossible to focus on the phases of the development of the history by identifying the active factors in leading the who society in one spirit, in formulating the real picture of the phases where the historical developments are absent what it could be found from the latest developments of the inventions and findings on the historical factors of the ancient India in recent times, on the name of nationality and in national spirit without answering the basic questions relating to the factors led the whole society to run with the requirements of the people as well as producing its results on the living style of the people in both ancient and present times in India.

The rig Vedic society, through which what was the results in a consolidated by the right wing of the Hinduism would never reply to the basic questions related to the new product of rejecting the theory of Aryan invasion in India, as well as to the other basic question to the reasons for the mergence of the class society in the ancient period by those who wanted to theorize all sections of Indian society to get into the fold of the national Hinduism in India since last two decades. At the same time the basic contradiction in proposing a theory of the Marxian way of classification of the Indian classes within the concept of the class-struggle could not proved all the answers to the questions raised by the right wing fundamentalists and the other important sections of dalits, the oppressed from the ancient period by the upper caste people under the command of the brahminical concept in the Indian society. On the other hand, the questions of the two sections are still unresolved from the realistic way of identifying the real concept as pre requisite to go into the depth of the subjects primarily. I do not like go into any in of these concepts, of either believing of rejecting the original theory of the Aryan invasion in India. At the same time, I have no interest in finding the nativity of the composers of the rig Veda basically at the same time I do not find any necessity to reject the lineage of the composers to the indigenous Indian region at that time.

More over, Indian territories like other states were frequently changed from every invasion to another invasion by the kings of other states. So attaching the basic concept of the nationality is concerned, it is a settled issue of the boundaries and borders of the India as a state and a nation only after getting independence. That much levels only the region of India and its Indian ness is concerned that it is identified only from the period of independence. Prioritization of any issue in present context on any name is bias and fraudulent on the part of realities of the real issues on the question of origin of the castes, and classes in Indian civilization within the fold of religion Hinduism and out of Hinduism in not a question, but it is a question to identify the factors which were really led the society from certain period to specific period with gaps in its continuity in which some natural disasters were also played a part.

In finding the reasons for origin of the classes, the development of the castes and emergence of the Hinduism as the subjects for which really what were the factors in that society of the rig Vedic civilization within the influence of the out side factors by considering the totality is the issue to identify with time lines on the global scale of the progress and development for the purpose identifying the real players and factors in the different model of another ancient civilization in the world. While considering the basic requirements for a start of any religions religion, in the most ancient periods, either, in the Egyptian, Babylonian, Ethiopian, Nubian, and even Judaism the most common feature was the “sacrifice” of the animals, on the name of their gods for acquiring the blessings and wishes for themselves all over the world civilizations. In Hinduism in its initial days of its emergence by a set of people irrespective of their origin, the work was to arrange fire altars, sacrifice the animals like sheep, horses, cows and bulls, in a common way of the people by whom it was the religion was initiated. While sacrificing the animals, enchanting with high voices and the songs in the praise of the gods, for a while or for the time specially they arranged to perform the duty in the service of their believed god or gods, and consuming it collectively was the common in a model of the society as a group of individuals who were borne in general those and grown in well known places under the living conditions as a part of continuous process of making a religion as their urge to get relief from their believed gods in a group way and the hunt was the common source for such olden societies like in African related and grown societies in the civilizations of the nearest civilizations in the world. but the case in Hinduism is very much different in nature while in the initial days known to the world through the rig Veda, which speaks and it is only a source to find the facts from that period in the Indian sub-continent, about the origin of the Hinduism, and every Hindu believes that his roots were located in the history of the formation and development of the rig Vedic religion.

And no body would have any objection for it because it is really a matter of faith and almost such immaterial faith could not be utilized for those who lead the religious banner in modern India by using or utilizing it for their interests politically only. But the word faith, yes gained much significance in the global affairs, from the point of Indian politics in these days, which means it is still trailing behind the powerful global leading minds which were already used the religion in their politics and now it has been treated as abandoned subject for them and now the Indian leaders has been carrying it on their heads in the global market for the benefits. In the first of verse of the rig Veda, the practice they were primarily introduced by loudly chanting on the name of Agni, which they were described as the priest, god, and the minister of the sacrifice, it is something like a crowd standing in height isolated place of the habitations as a first act either in composition or in the real practice they were started that time really it is appeared in the following verse they wanted to prepare a sacrifice from the other people who were completely not in their fold of living and practicing.

Because the Egyptian, Ethiopian, Babylonians were offered the sacrificed by arranging the fire altars for their believed gods in their initial time of emergence of local gods prior to the period of genesis and exodus. The whole physical requirements were seen that they were themselves arranged from the forest hunt at the place of offering. In Indian rig Vedic case these people were in appeal to offer the sacrifice from other people of their fold by alluring for the favors and blessings of the gods was apparently very different from the original habitations and settlements of the people of that time. it is common practical habit for every human being in the work they like to engage in new work or in a new profession all along with the help of their belongings. Here they have the language through which they had started the new practice without having involving any of their old systems of the habits. In the first verse, the argni, they were worshipped it not only in the form of god, but they presented in the physical appearance also, in such a high position which could be only understood that those were performing and chanting the songs in the praise really very believable way to the new people in the very first attempt, if this hymn is placed in correct position in composition either consciously or negligently, it is not known. Because, the translator was British, Ralph Griffith, (1896)

1.1 1(1) I Laud Agni, the chosen Priest, God, minister of sacrifice,
the hotar, lavishest of wealth.

In another hymn, they compared themselves with father so as easy as the child feels to come to father as the Agni with them to weal. It is seen that they were in sufferings and asking the help of Agni as well as the other to join them at that time,

1.1.9(9) be to us easy of approach, even as a father to his son:
Agni, be with us for our weal.

Where they were allowed to be in such a way how they wanted to live out of the habitations in identifying the difference between the wisdom and foolishness could be understood as they asked to go to the wise who was known as unconquered in comparing with Indra the lord who is better than friends. It is well known that they well aware about the friends who were not better than the skilled and helpful who was only known Indra. It is not Agni now but Indra they were in praising him which is seen in the following verse.

Rig Veda 1.4. 4&5(4) Go to the wise unconquered One, ask thou of Indra, skilled in song.

Him who is better than thy friends

In the early stage of their practice, it is appeared that the people were played mock on them and asked them to depart from their practicing places many times as it is known from the following verse,
(5) Whether the men who mock us say, Depart unto another place,
ye who serve Indra and none else;

The drink what have seen in the entire rig Veda, that the soma drinks, they used to drink as a part of enjoyment only. And they stated that they were using curd in their food. It is that the soma drink is a differently used for the different purposes with the mix of the curd. Moreover, the soma was shown as attractive for others to join them in nights for enjoyment in the place that could be in isolation from the settlements at the time of the following hymn was composed.

1.5.5 Nigh to the Soma-drinker come, for his enjoyment, these pure drops,
The Somas mingled with the curd.

In the very first of the verse of the Rig-Veda, they appeared that they were in performing the sacrifices at the fire altars, and continued for some un known period, and after time it is now seemed though the following verse, that they were seen asking the indra not to hurt them physically due to the cause of the sacrifices , by the nearest people of the settlements, that could be seen in the following verse, in such a bad way of distancing themselves from the performance of sacrifices at their nearest places.

.1.5.10 (10) O Indra, thou who lovest song, let no man hurt our bodies; keep
Slaughter far from us, for thou canst.

The composers were well aware about the expansion of the sea and compared Indra with it, in his praising in cries loudly, that could be seen in the following verse.

1.11.1 (1) ALL sacred songs have magnified Indra expansive as the sea,
the best of warriors borne on cars, the Lord, the very Lord of strength.

1.6.8(8&9) With Indra’s well beloved hosts, the blameless, hastening to heaven,
the sacrificer cries aloud.

The selection of the place of the seers while living out of the settlements on the height and observing the down side who were watching them was seen in the following verse that they called them wanderers. The down side people were called by these composers as wanderers. It is the period still in continuation of composers of the first series of rig Veda, only because the serialization is appeared that this composition was made by the first generation of the seers and their composers who directly associated with such performers of the religious practices at that time.

1.6.9. Come from this place, O Wanderer, or downward from the light of heaven:
Our songs of praise all yearn for this.

Ayub Mohammed (to be continued in 9 of 10)

(ArticlesBase SC #2909072)

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About the Author:

have spent a lot at the cost of my dad while my olden days, and got some degrees in education without knowing its value and validity at that time and continued the same habit at my own cost since then that time to present now.And i saw and realized that my life is spent out in the search to know the society,state,and about the people from the ancient civilizations to the present clock-like capitalism as well as about myself too. At last i satisfied myself that i know what i wanted to know that what i am now, is a subject to u all to know.Do u want to judge the whole thing in seconds?But i estimate u in single part of the second before your judgement about me. it is different in practice. Ayub Mohammed

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Politicsl
Nov 14, 2010
lViews: 143

What the presidents of United States either did, the present president do as a president to the level of expectations of his people or not, is not a question, but it is the greatest achievement for those people who made him their president. A slave-turn-warrior king in the Indian history, malik kafur who rose to the level of the gaining the kingdom, from Delhi, to south Indian states, was once a slave and challenged many people in his lifetime.

What Gaddar really want in Telangana movement?

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Politicsl
Nov 07, 2010

Because he has 4 years’ time to take any decision to make his front as an alternative to the TRS, CONGRESS, and TDP in Telangana region is depended upon his own choice to serve the people in the BEST way by sharing through contesting in elections in coming years.

Ayodhya verdict: Ratification to massive parliamentary political violence against Indian Muslim and other minorities in India

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Politicsl
Oct 08, 2010
lViews: 159

, if one Muslim contributes rs.5/ to the Muslim personal law board which would get 75 crores. It is not a big task for Indian Muslims collectively if decided to commit (as a work of Qaum) to contribute in the task of filing and winning the case in Supreme Court in future against the (conspired) verdict in which justice khan has made member to give a color of democracy as a paint to the middle aged jungle law of rule of law.

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Politicsl
Oct 02, 2010
lViews: 103

DP sir, Namaskaram,

I argued about the role of Muslims in the TRS, which is least concerned about the Muslims and kcr is talking about the post of deputy CM post. When he did not give the share of reservation in his party tickets, who believes him is a big question

The judgment on the title of Babri Masjid-Ram Janma Bhumi dispute by Lucknow bench of Allahabad High Court is enough

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Politicsl
Sep 14, 2010

The decent method they found in owning the properties would be a lesson to the Indian communists and other Maoist groups because they did not adopt the owing the method of occupying the properties by mobilizing the masses at the targeted points of owning the assets of the capitalists in India since the formation of the Indian communist party in 1920s

Question to Hindu terrorist ideological supporter in India

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Politicsl
Sep 02, 2010
lViews: 1,116
lComments: 1

the Hindu terrorism supporters must introduce the Laws of Manu in India in both civil and criminal fronts by replacing the Indian civil and penal code as well as criminal procedure code, in the interest of all Indians where no one should be speared by anyway, before asking the Muslims to implement the other laws against the Muslims in India.

Why does Indians like the foreign rule since the rig Vedic Period (part2)

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Politicsl
Aug 24, 2010
lViews: 153

The “thoughts”, “attitudes”, “behaviors”, would never be said to be the same by the people, and the leaders of either ruling parties or in communist parties anywhere in all times towards the society and its people while working for them under the sense and feelings that they are sacrificing something for the cause of the people,